Wargeyska Waxgarad War & Wacaal
La Xidhiidha
How China Got Sri Lanka to Cough Up a Port
Sidii uu Shiinuhu Siri Laanka dekad uga dishay!
Waxaa qortay: Maria Abi-Habib
New York Times
Waxaa tarjumay: Maxamed Saahid
June 25, 2018
Hambantota, Siri Laanka – Mar walba oo madaxweynaha Siri Laanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, uu xulufadiisa Shiinaha u doonto deyn iyo kaalmo lagu maalgeliyo mashruuc ballaaran oo dekadeed, jawaabtu waxay ahayd haye.
Haye, inkastoo daraasaadka suurtagalnimadu (feasibility studies) ay sheegayeen in dekaddani aysan shaqeyn karin. Haye, inkastoo deynbixiyeyaasha kale ee rukunka ah sida Hindiya ay diideen. Haye, inkastoo deymaha Siri Laanka ay cirka isku sii shareerayeen intii uu xilka hayay Rajapaksa.
Sannado dhisme iyo hadba dib-u-gorgortan lala galayay China Harbor Engineering Company, mid ka mid ah shirkadaha dawladda Beyjiin kuwa ugu waaweyn, mashruucii Hambantota Port Development Project [Mashruuca Hormarinta Dekadda Hambantota] waa uu fashilmay, sidii la oddorasayayba. Ayadoo tobannaan kun oo maraakiib ahi ay ku safrayaan mid ka mid ah marinnada maraakiibta ee dunida kuwa ugu mashquulka badan, dekaddu 34 markab oo kaliya ayay qabatay sanadkii 2012.
Ka dib dekaddii waxaa yeeshay Shiinaha.
Jaalle Rajapaksa sannadkii 2015 ayaa jagada cod lagaga qaaday, laakiin xukuumadda ku xigtay ee Siri Laanka waxay la harjadeysay in ay bixiso deyntii uu galay. Cadaadis culus oo ka haystay Shiinaha iyo gorgortan bilo qaatay ka dib, xukuumaddu waxay wareejisay dekaddii iyo 15,000 hektar (60.7 km2) oo ah dhulka ku hareeraysan dekadda bishii Disenbar ilaa iyo muddo ku siman 99 sano.
Wareejintaani waxay siisay dawladda Shiinaha awood ay ku koontaroosho dhul dhawr boqol oo mayl u jira xeebaha dal uu tartan kala dhexeeyo, waa India, iyo saldhig istiraatiiji ah oo ay ka heshay jidbiyood xasaasi u ah ganacsiga iyo arrimaha ciidammada.
Arrintu waa mid ka mid ah tusaaleyaasha ugu cadcad ee muujinaya rabitaanka damaca badan ee ay dawladda Shiinuhu ku doonayso in ay gargaarka iyo deymaha u isticmaasho si ay saameyn ugu yeelato dacallada adduunka – iyo sida ay uga go’an tahay in ay kubbad adag u ciyaarto sidii ay u soo uruursan lahayd.
Heshiiskaan deyntu wuxuu kaloo sii huriyay qaar ka mid ah dhaliilaha ugu ad-adag ee loo jeediyo qorshaha uu Madaxweyne Shii saxiixay ee Belt and Road Initiative: [waa] in barnaamijkaan maalgashiga iyo deyminta ee caalamiga ahi uu uga dhigan yahay dabin deyneed dalalka nugul ee adduunka, taasoo cirka ku sii shareeraysa musuqmaasuqa iyo habdhaqanka kelitalisnimo ee haysta dimoqraaddiyadaha jilicsan.
Wareysiyo bilo socday oo laga qaaday saraakiisha Siri Laanka, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Reer Galbeedka iyo faaqidaad lagu sameeyay dukumiintiyo iyo heshiisyo la xiriira mashruuca dekadda ayaa sharraxaad cad ka bixinaya sida Shiinaha iyo shirkadihiisu ay uga fushadeen danahooda dal yar oo u baahan lacag.
- Intii ay socdeen doorashooyinkii Siri Laanka ee 2015, lacago badan oo laga bixiyay sanduuqa Shiinaha ee qaabilsan dhisidda dekadda ayaa ku qulqulayay kaaliyeyaasha iyo hawlaha ololaha Rajapaksa, kaas oo mar walba aqbalayay shuruudda Shiinaha, ahaana nin loo arkayo saaxiib muhiim u ah dedaallada Shiinuhu ay ku bixinayaan in la wiiqo saameynta dalka Hindiya ee ku yaalla dhinaca koofurta Aasiya. Bixinta lacagahaan waxaa laga xaqiijiyay dukumiintiyo iyo jeegag kaash oo lagu fatashay baaritaan ay dawladdu sameysay, uuna arkay wargeyska New York Times.
- Inkastoo masuuliyiinta iyo khubarada Shiinuhu ay ku adkeysteen in danaha Shiinaha ee dekadda Hambantota ay yihiin kuwo ganacsi oo kaliya, masuuliyiinta Siri Laanka waxay sheegeen in tan iyo bilowgii, muhiimadaha sirdoon iyo istaraatijiyadeed ee goobta ay dekaddu ku taallo ay qeyb ka ahaayeen gorgortanka.
- Shuruud horraantii dhexdhexaad iska ahayd oo ku xirnayd deynta lagu bixinayo mashruuca dekadda ayaa markii danbe isu rogtay mid aad u qallafsan maadaama ay masuuliyiinta Siri Laanka dalbadeen in dib looga gorgortamo waqtiga mashruuca lana kordhiyo maalgelinta. Dabadeed markii saraakiisha Siri Laanka ay sannadihii tagay ka noogeen in ay iska bixiyaan deynta, dalabaadka Shiinuhu waxay isugu soo urureen in lagu wareejiyo qeyb ka mid ah raasamaalka dekadda halkii ay shuruudaha [deynta la bixin waayay] dabcin lahaayeen.
- Inkastoo heshiisku uu tirtiray ku dhowaad $1 bilyan oo deynta dekadda ah, haddana Siri Laanka waxaa ay hadda qabtaa deyntii ugu badneyd ee ay abid Shiinaha ka gasho, maadaama ay deymo kale weli sii socdeen, (ribada) dulsaarta ahina ay aad uga sarreyso kuwa deynbixiyeyaasha kale ee adduunka.
Mudane Rajapaksa iyo kaaliyeyaashiisu ma aysan jawaabin marar badan oo laga codsaday in ay faallo bixiyaan, iyada oo lagu celceliyay codsigaas marar kala duwan dhawr bilood gudahood, intii maqaalkani uu socday. Masuuliyiinta shirkadda China Harbor ayaguna wax jawaab ah ma ay bixin.
Qiyaasaha ay samaysay Wasaaradda Maaliyadda ee Siri Laanka waxay bixinayaan sawir niyadjab leh: sannadkan xukuumaddu waxay rejaynaysaa in ay uruuriso dakhli dhan $14.8 bilyan, laakiin deynta laga doonayo in ay bixiso, oo ay uga fadhiyaan qaar ka mid ah deymiyeyaasha adduunku, waa $12.3 bilyan.
“John Adams ayaa si cad u tilmaamay in waddan lagu qabsan karo seef ama deyn. Shiinihu waxay doorteen midda danbe,” ayuu yiri Brahma Chellaney, khabiir badanaa la taliya dawladda Hindiya kana tirsan Xarunta Cilmibaarista Siyaasadda ee ku taalla New Delhi.
Masuuliyiinta Hindiya, si gaar ah, waxay ka baqayaan in maadaama Siri Laanka ay aad u rafaneyso ay taasi Shiinaha u suurtagelin karto in ay u debciyaan deynta ayagoo uga beddalanaya in ciidammadoodu ay isticmaalaan raasamaalka [Siri Laanka] sida dekadda Hambantota oo kale – inkastoo heshiiskii kirada ee kamadanbaystu uu mamnuucayo in dekadda loo isticmaalo arrimo ciidan marka laga reebo haddii ay dawladda Siri Laanka fasaxdo.
“Sida keliya ee lagu sababayn karo maalgashiga dekadda Hambantota waa in aad ka eegto dhinaca amniga qaranka – in ay keeni doonaan Ciidanka Xoreynta Dadka [ee Shiinaha],” ayuu yiri Shivshankar Menon, oo mar ahaa xoghayaha arrimaha dibadda marna lataliyaha amniga qaranka ee Hindiya intii uu socday dhismaha dekadda Hambantota.
Xiriirka Shiinaha iyo Siri Lanka wuxuu soo ahaan jiray mid wanaagsan oo ku dhisan isixtiraam, ayadoo Siri Laanka ay dhakhso u aqoonsatay dawladdii Shuuciga ahayd ee Maaw (Mao) markii uu dhacay Kacdoonkii Shiinuhu. Laakiin intii uu socday khilaaf dhacay goor aan saas u sii fogeyn – waa dagaalkii sokeeye ee kharaaraa ee ay Siri Laanka la gashay qolyaha u dhashay Tamil ee doonayay in ay goostaan – ayay dawladda Shiinuhu noqotay saaxiib aan la huri karin.Rajapaksa, oo la doortay 2005, waxaa uu xilka hayay sannadihii u danbeeyay ee dagaalka, waqtigaas oo ay Siri Laanka sii takoormeysay eedaymo la xiriira xadgudubyo laga galay xuquuqda aadanaha aawadood. Intii uu talada hayay, Siri Laanka waxay si culus ugu tiirsaneyd Shiinaha xagga taageerada dhaaale, qalabka ciidammada iyo gaashaan siyaasadeed ahaan marka la joogo Qarammada Midoobay si loo joojiyo cunqabateymaha ay dhici kartay in lagu soo rogo Siri Laanka.
Dagaalkii wuxuu dhammaaday 2009, intii dalku uu fawdada ka soo baxayayna, Rajapaksa iyo qoyskiisu waxay sii xoojiyeen awooddooda. Muddadii uu xilka hayay, madaxweynaha iyo saddexda walaalahiis ah waxay xukumeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah wasaaradaha xukuumadda iyo in ku dhow 80 boqolkiiba qarashka guud ee ay dawladdu isticmaasho. Dawladaha Shiinaha oo kale ahi ayaga ayay toos ula macaamili jireen.
Haddaba markii uu madaxweynuhu bilaabay in uu ku dhawaaqo mashruuc horumarin dekadeed oo aad u ballaaran in laga hirgelinayo Hambantota, degmo aan dad badneyn oo uu ka soo jeedo isagu, caqabadaha yar ee ku gudbanaa waxtar ma aysan ahayn.
Bilowgiiba, masuuliyiintu waxay bilaabeen in ay su’aalo ka keenaan xikmadda ku jirta dekad labaad oo weyn in laga dhiso dal asagoo dhanba la’eg Ingiriiska rubaciis (Siri Laanka waxay gobolka Mudug ka weyn tahay wax yar) oo ay ku nool yihiin dad 22 malyan ah, ayadoo dekadda weyn ee ku taal caasimaddu ay si fiican u shaqaynayso lana heli karo in la ballaariyo ayada.
Daraasaadka suurtagalnimada ee ay amartay dawladdu waxay si cad u qeexeen in dekad laga dhiso Hambantota aysan dhaqaale ahaan isbixin karin.
“Annaga ayay markii hore noo la yimaadeen dekadda, dabadeedna shirkadaha Hindiya ayaa yiri maya,” ayuu yiri Mr. Menon, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Hindiya. “Waxay ahayd khasaaro dhaqaale, welina waa khasaaro dhaqaale.”
Laakiin Rajapaksa waa uu oggolaaday mashruuca, wuxuuna ku dooday in uu feejignaan halkii u danbaysay adeegsaday – iyo in Shiinuhu ay saaran yihiin doonta.
Hay’adda Dekadaha ee Siri Laanka waxay bilowday in ay diyaariso wax ay masuuliyiintu u malaynayeen qorshe aad looga taxaddaray oo dhaqaale ahaan fayow sannadkii 2007, sida uu sheegay masuul ka mid ah dadkii ku jiray hawsha mashruuca. Waxay [hay’addu] baahisay furitaan kooban oo ganacsi sannadka 2010, iyo in dakhligu uu soo xaroonayo ka hor inta aan lagu dhaqaaqin qorshe ballaarineed oo weyn mustaqbalka.
Deyntii ugu horreysay ee loo isticmaalay mashruuca waxay ka timid Bangiga Export-Import, ama Exim, ee dawladda Shiinaha, taas oo gaaraysay $307 milyan. Laakiin si ay u hesho deynta, Siri Laanka waxay ku khasbanayd in ay aqbasho shirkadda ay rabto Beyjiin, China Harbor, in ay dhisto dekadda, sida uu sheegay war laga helay Safaaradda Mareykanka waqtigaas, loona dusiyay Wikileaks.
Middaasi waa dalab caadiya oo Shiinuhu uu ku xiro mashaariicda uu ka fuliyo adduunka oo dhan, halkii uu ka oggolaan lahaa nidaamka tartanka furan. Gobolka oo dhan, xukuumadda Beyjiin waxay ka waddaa deymo gaaraya bilyanno doolar oo ay ku bixinayso shardiga ah in la kireysto shirkadaha Shiinaha iyo kumannaan shaqaalaha Shiinaha ah, sida ay sheegeen masuuliyiin gobolka jooga.
Xargo kale ayaa jira oo ku xiran deynta, sidoo kale, taas oo muujinaysa in Shiinuhu uu isha ku hayay qiimaha istiraatiijiyadeed ee dekadda Hambantota tan iyo bilowgiiba.
Nihal Rodrigo, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda ee Siri Laanka marna danjire ka ahaa Shiinaha, ayaa sheegay in wadaxaajoodyadii lala galay masuuliyiinta Shiinaha waqtigaas ay si cad u muujinayeen in wadaagidda xogta sirdoonku ay ahayd qayb ka mid ah heshiiska. Wareysi uu siiyay New York Times, ayuu Mr. Rodrigo sidaan ugu cabbiray mowqifka Shiinaha, “Waxaan idinka rejaynaynaa in aad na soo ogeysiisaan cidda imaanaysa ee joogeysa halkan.”
Sannadihii danbe, masuuliyiinta Shiinaha iyo shirkadda China Harbor ayaa aad isugu taxallujinayay in ay sii wadaan xiriirka xooggan ee kala dhexeeyay Rajapaksa oo asagu sannado badan niyadsami isaga aqbalayay shuruudaha noocaas oo kale ah.
Bilihii u danbeeyay ee doorashadii Siri Laanka ee 2015, danjiraha Shiinaha ayaa ka gudbay dhaqanka diblomaasiyadda asagoo ku dhaqaaqay in uu kiciyo codbixiyeyaasha, xataa kol ay ku tahay shaqaalaha garoonka weyn ee kubbadda kolayga ee Colombo, si uu Rajapaksa uga garbiyo mucaaradka oo ku hanjabayay in ay tirtirayaan heshiisyada dhaqaale ee lala galay dawladda Shiinaha.
Markii ay soo dhawaatay doorashadu bishii Jenewari, waxaa bilaabatay in lacago faro badan lagu soo farraqo xayndaabka madaxweynaha.
Ugu yaraan $7.6 milyan oo laga bixiyay xisaabta China Harbor ay ku leedahay Standard Chartered Bank ayaa la siiyay hawlwadeennada ololaha Rajapaksa, sida ka muuqata dukumiinti ay aragtay The Times, oo laga helay baaritaan firfircoon oo ay dawladdu sameysay. Dukumiintigu wuxuu faahfaahinayaa lanbarka xisaabta China Harbor – kaas oo lahaanshihiisa la xaqiijiyay – iyo xogo sirdoon oo laga helay su’aalo la weydiiyay dadka jeegagga loo qoray.
Markii ay 10 maalmood un ka dhimmaneyd waqtigii ay furmi lahaayeen sanduuqyada codadku, ku dhawaad $3.7 milyan ayaa lagu qaybiyay jeegag: $678,000 oo lagu daabacay shaararka ololaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo xayiisiiska loo isticmaalo iyo $297,000 oo taageerayaasha loogu gaday hadiyado, ay ku jiraan guntiinooyinka haweenku. $38,000 oo kalana waxaa la siiyay wadaad Buudi ah oo caan ah oo taageersanaa tartanka doorashada ee Rajapaksa, halka labo jeeg oo wadar ahaan isku ah $1.7 million ay dad mutadawaciin ahi gaarsiiyeen halka uu deggan yahay madaxweynuhu ee Temple Trees.
Inta badan lacagahan waxaa laga bixiyay akoon hoosaad ay maamusho China Harbor, kaas oo magaciisa la yiraahdo “HPDP Phase 2,” oo laga soo gaabiyay Hambantota Port Development Project [Mashruuca Horumarinta Dekadda Hambantota].
Ka dib in ku dhow shan sano oo uu si boobsiis ah adduunka ugu fidiyay mashruuca Shiinaha ee Belt and Road Initiative, masuuliyiinta Shiinuhu waxay si hoose isugu dayayeen in ay qiimeeyaan inta heshiis ee ilaa hadda la sameeyay iyo waxa ay noqon karto khatarta maaliyadeed ee dalku. Taas sawir buuxa lagama hayo weli, ayuu yiri mid ka mid ah dadka dejiya siyaasadda dhaqaalaha ee Shiinuhu, kaas oo, sida ay inta badanba yeelaan masuuliyiintu, in aan magaciisa la sheegin ku xiray in uu ka hadlo siyaasadda Shiinaha.Qaar ka mid ah masuuliyiinta Shiinaha ayaa ka walaacsan in qarraafka nidaameysan ee ku seynsaaban mashaariicda noocaan ah uu qaan uga dhigan yahay Shiinaha, uuna kor u qaadayo xadka ka faa’iido dhalinta.
Madaxweyne Shii ayaa khudbad uu sannadkii hore jeediyay ku qiray walaacan, asagoo yiri, “Waxaan sidoo kale xoojin doonnaa iskaashiga caalamiga ah ee lagula dagaallamayo musuqmaasuqa si aan barnaamijka Belt and Road Initiative uga dhigno mid ku dhisan hufnaan.”
Dalka Bangaladesh, tusaale ahaan, masuuliyiintu waxay sheegeen bishii Jenewari in shirkadda China Harbor laga mamnuuci doono qandaraasyada mustaqbalka eedeymo sheegaya in shirkaddu ay isku dayday in ay laaluushto masuul ka tirsan wasaaradda waddooyinka dartood, ayadoo ay shirkaddu $100,000 ku soo cabbaysay kartoon caleenta shaaha ah, sida ay masuuliyiinta dawladdu ku sheegeen waraysiyo. Shirkadda ay hoos tagto China Harbor, China Communications Construction Company, ayaa ayadana siddeed sano laga mamnuucay in ay u tartanto mashaariicda Bangiga Adduunka sannadkii 2009 falal musuqmaasuq ah oo ay ka samaysay dalka Filibiin aawadood.
Tan iyo qabsashadii dekadda Siri Laanka, masuuliyiinta Shiinuhu waxay bilaabeen in ay soo jeediyaan in barnaamijka Belt and Road uusan ahayn dedaal shuruud la’aan ah oo ay dawladdu ku doonayso in ay maalgeliso horumarka saddex qaaradood.
“Haddii aannaan si wanaagsan u maarayn karin khatarta, mashaariicda Belt and Road ma gaari karaan meel fog ama wanaagsan,” ayay tiri Jin Qi, guddoomiyaha Silk Road Fund, sanduuq maalgelineed oo weyn oo ay leedahay dawladdu, waqti ay socotay Madasha Hormarka Shiinaha (China Development Forum) dabayaaqadii Maaj.
Arrinta Siri Laanka, masuuliyiinta dekadda iyo khabiirrada Shiinuhu weli kama aysan samrin aragtida ah in dekadda Hambantota ay faa’iido yeelan karto, ama ay ugu yaraan xoojin karto awoodda ganacsi ee Shiinuhu uu ku leeyahay gobolka.
Ray Ren, wakiilka Dekadda Ganacsiga Shiinaha (China Merchant Port) ee Siri Laanka ahna madaxa hawlgallada ee dekadda Hambantota, ayaa ku adkaystay in “barta ay ku taal Siri Laanka ay ku habboon tahay ganacsiga adduunka.” Wuxuuna diiday daraasaadka taban ee suurtagalnimada, asagoo oranaya waxaa la sameeyay sannado badan ka hor markii Hambantota ay ahayd “tuulo yar oo kalluumeysi.”
Hu Shisheng, agaasimaha waaxda daraasaadka Koofurta Aasiya ee Machadka Shiinaha ee Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Casriga ah, ayaa sheegay in Shiinuhu si cad u aqoonsan yahay qiimaha istaratijiyadeed ee dekadda Hambantota. Laakiin wuxuu ku daray: “Haddii Shiinuhu uu doonayo in uu adeegsado muhiimaddiisa istaratijiyadda juquraafi (geostrategic value), muhiimadda istaratijayadeed ee dekaddu waa uu dhumi doontaa. Waddammada waaweyn kuma diriri karaan Siri Laanka – waa ay tirtirmi doontaa.”
Inkastoo dekadda Hambantota markii ugu horreysay si kooban loo furay sannadkii 2010, ka hor intii aan la shaacin barnaamijka Belt and Road, haddana xukuumadda Shiinuhu waxay mashruuca haddiiba ku dartay barnaamijkan caalamiga ah.
Wax yar uun ka dib xafladdii wareejinta ee lagu qabtay Hambantota, wakaaladda wararka qaranka ee Shiinuhu waxay baahisay fiidiyow faan ah oo ay soo dhigtay Twitter, ayadoo ku sheegtay heshiiska “tillaabo kale oo muhiim ah oo horay loogu qaaday jidka Belt and Road.”
Furdadbadeeddu ma aha mashruuca weyn ee kaliya ee deymaha Shiinaha looga hirgeliyay Hambantota, degaan aan saas u dad badnayn oo dhaca xeebta koofur bari ee Siri Laanka oo inta badan weli hawd ah.Garoon kirikid (cricket) oo leh kuraas ka badan dadka magaalo madaxda degaanka Hambantota ayaa calaamad u ah muuqa guud ee magaalada (skyline), iyo weliba garoon diyaaradeed oo weyn oo caalami ah – kaas oo bishii Juun waayay halkii duullimaad ee ganacsi ee maalinlaha ahaa ee u soo haray markii shirkadda Fly Dubai ay joojisay dariiqaas. Waddo weyn oo dhex marta degmada waxaa isaga qoodeeya maroodiyaasha beeraleyduna waxay u isticmaalaan in ay ku wartaan oo ay ku qallajistaan bariiska marka geedka laga soo guro.
Lataliyeyaasha Mudane Rajapaksa waxay hab nidaamsan u dejiyeen sida dekaddu ay u ballaaran karto ka dib marka ay furanto, ayagoo tilmaamay in xoogaa dakhli ahi uu soo xaroon doono inta aan la qaadan deyn aad u badan.
Laakiin sannadkii 2009, madaxweynaha dulqaadkii baa ka dhammaaday. Sannadguuradii 65’aad ee dhalashadiisa ayaa soo dhawaanaysay oo ahayd sannadka danbe, wuxuuna doonayay in uu munaasabadda ku asteeyo daahfur weyn oo ka dhaca dekadda Hambantota – taas oo ay ku jirto bilaabidda fidin ballaaran 10 sano ka hor waqtigii ay Ha’adda Dekeddu horay ugu qorshaysay.
Shaqaalaha Shiinuhu waxay bilaabeen in ay shaqeeyaan habeen iyo maalinba si ay u diyaariyaan dekadda, ayay dhaheen masuuliyiintu. Laakiin markii shaqaaluhu ay qodayeen dhulka si ay u sameeyaan caloosha dekadda, xisaabta kuma aysan darsan qar weyn oo qeyb ahaan xirayay irridka, xannibayayna inay soo galaan maraakiibta waaweyn, sida kuwa saliidda qaada, kuwaas oo qorshaha ganacsi ee dekaddu uu ku tiirsanaa.
Masuuliyiinta Hay’adda Dekadaha, oo diidaya in ay ka tallaabsadaan madaxweynaha, durbadiiba horay ayay isaga socdeen si kastaba. Dekaddii Hambantota waxaa lagu furay dabbaaldeg aad loo qurxiyay oo la dhigay Noofembar 18, 2010, maalintii uu dhashay Mr. Rajapaksa. Dabadeed ganacsi bay iska sugeysay ayadoo uu dhagaxii ku hor go’an yahay.
China Harbor ayaa dumisay qarkii hal sano ka dib, waxaana ku baxay qarash gaaraya $40 million, kaas oo ah qiime xad-dhaaf ah oo dareen ku dhaliyay diblomaasiyiinta iyo masuuliyiinta dawladda. Qaar waxay si furan u male-awaaleen in shirkaddu ay qiimaha dallacday ama in xisaabta lagu daray laaluush la siiyay Mr. Rajapaksa.
Markii la gaaray sannadkii 2012, dekaddu waxay la harjadeysay in ay soo jiidato maraakiib – kuwaas oo doorbidayay in ay ku xirtaan dekadda agteeda ah ee Colombo – qarashka dhismuhuna wuu sii kordhayay maadaama dekadda fidin lagu bilaabayay waqtigii loogu talogalay ka hor. Dawladda ayaa goor danbe oo isla sannadkaas ah amartay in maraakiibta sidda gawaarida lagu dejin lahaa dekadda Kolombo (Colombo) ay taas beddelkeeda badeecada ku geddiyaan Hambantota si loo dhaqaajiyo ganacsiga halkaas. Balse, 34 markab oo kaliya ayaa ku soo xirtay Hambantota sannadkii 2012, marka la barbar dhigo 3,667 oo ku xiratay dekadda Kolombo, sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta sannadlaha ah ee Wasaaradda Maaliyadda.
Asagoo ay ka go’an tahay in la sii wado fidinta dekadda, ayuu Rajapaksa dib ugu laabtay Shiinaha sannadkii 2012, si uu u weydiisto $757 milyan.
Shiinuhu way oggolaadeen haddana. Laakiin markan, shuruudda ayaa aad loo sii adkeeyay.
Deyntii koobaad, oo ahayd $307 malyan, waxay markii hore ku timid dulsaar aan go’nayn oo badanaa ka sarraysay 1 ama 2 boqolkiiba wixii ka danbeeyay burburkii maaliyadda adduunka ee sannadkii 2008. (Si aad isbarbardhig ugu samayso, dulsaarta deymaha middaan la midka ah ee Jabbaanka ee loo isticmaalo mashaariicda kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha waxay ka hoosaysay boolkiiba hal barkiis, [0.5%].)
Laakiin si loo sii wado maalgelinta, deyntaas hore ee bilowga ahayd ayaa mar danbe haddana lagu gorgortamay in dulsaarteeda laga dhigo 6.3 boqolkiiba oo go’an. Mudane Rajapaksa wuu iska yeelay.
Deynta iyo qarashka mashruuca ee sii badanaya, ayadoo weliba dekaddu ay rafanayso, ayaa mucaaradka Siri Laanka siiyay fursad qaali ah, waxayna ololaha ku galeen shaki ku saabsan Shiinaha. Rajapaksa wuu ku guuldarraystay doorashadii.
Dawladdii xigtay, oo uu hoggaaminayay Madaxweyne Maithripala Sirisena, waxay xafiiska la timid xil ah in la fatasho heshiisyada maaliyadeed ee ay Siri Laanka gashay. Waxayna wajahaysay deyn torobbo ah: Intii uu xilka hayay Rajapaksa, deynta Siri Laanka way saddexjibbaarantay, ayadoo taagnayd $44.8 bilyan markii uu xilka ka tagay. Welibana sannadkii 2015 oo kaliya, $4.68 bilyan ayaa laga rabay dawladda inay bixiso dhammaadka sannadka.
Dawladda cusub waxay danaynaysay in ay Siri Laanka u weeciso dhanka Hindiya, Jabbaan, iyo Galbeedka. Laakiin masuuliyiinta ayaa durbadiiba garowsaday in aysan jirin dawlad kale oo buuxin karta booska uu Shiinuhu kaga jiro maaliyadda ama dhaqaalaha Siri Laanka.“Waxaan dhaxalnay dhaqaale kas loo kharribay – dakhligu kuma uusan filnayn in la bixiyo dulsaarta (ribada), bal iskaba daa in lafaha dib loo celiyo e,” ayuu yiri Ravi Karunanayake, oo ahaa wasiirka maaliyadda sanadkii koobaad ee xukuumadda cusub ay talada haysay. “Deymahayagii ayaan iska sii wadannay,” ayuu raaciyay. “Xukuumad cusub iskama joojin karto qaadashada deynmaha. Waa wax aad ku tiirsan tahay; waa inaad iska qaadato ilaa inta xeer dhaqaale laga soo saarayo.”
Bangiga Dhexe wuxuu ku qiyaasay deynta uu Shiinuhu ku leeyahay Siri Laanka ilaa $3 bilyan sannadkii hore. Laakiin Nishan de Mel, dhaqaaleyahan ka tirsan Verité Research, ayaa sheegay in deynta qaarkeed aysan ku qornayn buugta dawladda ee taas baddalkeeda loo qoray inay qeyb ka tahay mashaariic gaar ah. Wuxuu qiyaasay in deynta Shiinuhu ay gaarayso ilaa $5 bilyan ayna sii koreyso sannad walba. Bishii May, Siri Laanka waxay Bangiga Horumarinta Shiinaha ka soo qaadatay $1 bilyan oo deyn cusub ah si ay ugu isticmaasho inay isaga bixiso deynta laga doonayo.
Halka fursad ee la siiyay Siri Laanka waxay ahayd in ay kala doortaan labo shirkadood oo ay leedahay dawladda Shiinuhu tii ay doonayaan inay la wareegto maamulka [dekadda]: China Harbor ama China Merchants Port mid uun, sida uu qorayo heshiiskii kamadanbeysta, oo nuqul ka mid ah ay heshay The Times, inkastoo weli aan la faafin nuqulkaas oo dhammeystiran.
China Merchants ayaa heshay qandaraaskii, waxayna durbadiiba bilowday cadaadis hor leh: masuuliyiinta Shirkaddu waxay dalbadeen 15,000 oo hektar oo dhulka ku wareegsan dekadda ah si ay uga dhisaan aag warshadeed, sida laga soo xigtay labo masuul oo xog-ogaal u ah wadaxaajoodyada. Shirkadda Shiineyska ahi waxay ku andacootay in dekaddu aysan goyn qiimaha ay kula wareegayso ee ah $1.1 bilyan – waa lacag gudi karta deynta Siri Laanka ay ku gashay dekadda.
Qaar ka mid ah masuuliyiinta dawladda ayaa si adag u diiday shuruuddaas, laakiin meesha ma oollin wax xorriyad ahi, sida laga soo xigtay masuuliyiin ku jiray wadaxaajoodyada. Heshiis cusub ayaa la saxiixay Julaay 2017, wuxuuna dhaqangalay Disambar.
Heshiisku wuxuu Siri Laanka u dhaafayay bidhaan lahaansho: wuxuu abuuray shirkad la wadaago oo maamusha hawlaha dekadda dakhligana uruurisa, ayadoo 85 boqolkiiba ay leedahay China Merchants Port inta soo hartayna (15 boqolkiiba) ay maamusho xukuumadda Siri Laanka.
Laakiin qareennada ku takhasusay la wareegidda dekaduhu waxay sheegeen in qeybta yar ee Siri Laanka aysan wax micne ah lahayn, marka loo eego saameynta ay China Merchants Port ku leedahay xubnaha guddiga iyo go’aannada shaqada.
Markii lagu gorgortamayay heshiiska bilowgii, lama soo qaadin in dekadda iyo dhulka ku wareegsan ay isticmaali karaan ciidanka Shiinuhu iyo in kale, taasoo masuuliyiinta Hindiya ay Siri Laanka ka codsadeen in ay mamnuucdo gebi ahaanba. Heshiiska kamadanbeystu wuxuu ka mamnuucayaa waddammada shisheeye inay u isticmaalaan dekadda ujeeddooyin ciidan haddii aysan fasax ka helin dawladda joogta Kolombo.
Shardigaas danbe waxaa meesha loo keenay maraakiibta quusta ee ciidammada badda ee Shiinaha ayaaba mar hore yimid oo joogay Siri Laanka.
Shiinuhu waxay kaloo saami ku lahaayeen dekadda weyn ee Siri Laanka: China Harbor ayaa qeyb cusub ka dhisaysay halkaas, oo markaas loo yaqaannay Colombo Port City [Magaalada Dekadda ee Kolombo]. Waxaa kaloo heshiiskaas la socday 50 hektar oo dhul ah, oo ay gaar u haysatay shirkadda Shiineyska ah, aysanna ka talin dawladda Siri Laanka haba yaraatee.Taasi waxay si cad u soo baxday dhammaadkii muddada xilhaynta Rajapaksa, sannadkii 2014. Maraakiibta quusta ee Shiinaha ayaa dekadda ku soo xirtay maalin uu Raysalwasaaraha Jabbaan Shinzo Abe booqanayay Kolombo, taas oo gobolkoo dhan looga arkay baaq gooddi oo ka imaanaya Beyjiin.
Markii xukuumadda cusub ee Siri Laanka ay la wareegtay xafiiska, waxay isku dayday inay xaqiijiso in dekadda aysan mar danbe isticmaalin maraakiibta quusta ee Shiinuhu – ayadoo si gaar ah uga walaacsanayd in maraakiibtaas ay adag tahay in la ogaado badanaana loo isticmaalo in lagu aruuriyo xogaha sirdoonka. Laakiin masuuliyiinta Siri laanka wax gacantooda ku jira ayaaba iska yaraa.
Haddaba, la wareegiddii dekadda Hambantota ee Shiinuhu waxay sii noolaysay walaacii laga qabay in ay isticmaalaan ciidammadu – siiba maadaama ay dawladda Shiinuhu ciidamayn ka wadday jasiiradaha ay haysato ee ku yaalla Badda Koofurta Shiinaha inkastoo ay horay u ballanqaadday in aysan sidaas yeeli doonin.
Masuuliyiinta Siri Laanka waxay si fudud u tilmaamayaan in heshiisku uu si qayaxan u mamnuucayo in ciidammada Shiinuhu ay isticmaalaan xarunta. Laakiin kuwo kale ayaa sheegaya in xukuumadda Siri Laanka, oo weli uu deyn culus ku leeyahay Shiinuhu, ay suurogal tahay in lagu cadaadiyo inay aqbasho arrinta.
Sida uu de Silva, wasiiru-dawlaha siyaasadaha qaranka iyo arrimaha dhaqaalaha, u dhigayna, “Xukuumaduhu way isbaddeli karaan.”
Hadda, asaga iyo kuwo kalaba si taxaddar leh ayay u daawanayaan [waxa socda] ayadoo Rajapaksa, jaalkii Shiinaha ee Siri Laanka, uu isku dayayo in uu siyaasadda ku soo rogaalceliyo. Xisbigiisa cusub ee mucaaradka ah ayaa si weyn ugu guuleystay doorashooyinkii degmooyinka ee dhacay Feberwari. Doorashooyinka madaxweyne waxay dhacayaan sannadka danbe, kuwa guudna sannadka 2020.
Inkastoo Rajapaksa uusan u tartami karin xilka mar kale xaddidaadda muddada xilhaynta darteed, walaalkiis, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, oo ah xoghayihii hore ee difaaca, ayaa u muuqda inuu isu diyaarinayo inuu xilka qabto.
“It will be Mahinda Rajapaksa’s call. If he says it’s one of the brothers, that person will have a very strong claim,” said Ajith Nivard Cabraal, the central bank governor under Mr. Rajapaksa’s government, who still advises the family. “Even if he’s no longer the president, as the Constitution is structured, Mahinda will be the main power base.”
Werinta waxaa ka qeybqaatay Keith Bradsher iyo Sui-Lee Wee oo jooga Beyjiin, iyo Mujib Mashal, Dharisha Bastians iyo Arthur Wamanan oo jooga Siri Laanka.
Qoraalka asalka ah halkan ka akhriso:
How China Got Sri Lanka to Cough Up a Port
